Hypertension
What is Hypertension?
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition where the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. It occurs when the blood pressure readings are consistently above the normal range, putting extra strain on the heart and blood vessels. Over time, uncontrolled hypertension can lead to serious health issues, including heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and vision problems.
Types of Hypertension:
Primary (Essential) Hypertension: This is the most common type and develops gradually over many years. The exact cause is often unknown but can be influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Secondary Hypertension: Caused by an underlying condition such as kidney disease, sleep apnea, hormonal disorders, or the use of certain medications.
Risk Factors:
Age: Blood pressure tends to rise with age.
Family History: A family history of high blood pressure increases the risk.
Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the strain on the heart.
Physical Inactivity: Lack of exercise contributes to higher blood pressure.
Diet: High salt intake, excessive alcohol, and a diet low in fruits and vegetables can increase risk.
Smoking: Smoking damages the blood vessels, increasing the risk of hypertension.
Stress: Long-term stress or poor stress management can lead to higher blood pressure.
Chronic Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, and high cholesterol can increase the risk of hypertension.
Symptoms of Hypertension:
Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it usually has no noticeable symptoms until it causes significant damage to the heart or blood vessels. However, very high blood pressure may cause:
Headaches
Shortness of breath
Nosebleeds
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Prevention:
Adopting a healthy lifestyle is the most effective way to prevent hypertension. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, staying active, avoiding smoking, and managing stress can significantly reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure.
With early detection and proper management, individuals with hypertension can live healthy, fulfilling lives while minimizing the risk of complications.
